WLtoys 124016 Explorer Brushless 4WD Buggy

The kind of vehicle the maker sells it as. It sets what the car is built to do and which cars it is fair to compare it with.

• Buggies are low, light off-road cars built for jumps and fast corners on dirt, clay or turf tracks.
• The maker does not name a class for this one, so this is the site's judgment from its design.

All four wheels are driven. That gives more grip under power, especially on loose ground.

• The cost is more parts to maintain.

A brushless motor has no brushes to wear, so it makes more power and runs more efficiently than a brushed one.

• It needs a brushless ESC.

Ready to run: built at the factory with the electronics installed.

• Some come without a battery or charger; the maker's box contents say which.

The maker's nominal size compared with a full-size vehicle. It works more as a class label than a measurement.

• A 1/10 monster truck is far bigger than a 1/10 touring car, so compare length and weight for real size.
• This one is 356 mm long.

The maker's product number for this exact version.

• A V2, a new color, or a kit instead of an RTR usually has a different number, and parts can differ between them.
• Check it against your box or receipt before ordering parts.

The small gear on the motor shaft. Fewer teeth gear the car shorter: quicker acceleration, lower top speed and a cooler motor. More teeth do the opposite.

• It depends on the motor you fit, so the maker does not list one.

The large gear the pinion drives. A bigger spur with the same pinion gears the car shorter.

• Pinion and spur must have the same pitch, or tooth size, to mesh.

Hub bearing size: The documented drivetrain connection or size for this exact model. Match the mating component before buying a replacement.

Whether the front axle is driven by the motor.

• The calculator uses this axle's own tire size and complete recorded gear path.

Whether the rear axle is driven by the motor.

• The calculator uses this axle's own tire size and complete recorded gear path.

Every reduction after the spur, multiplied together: transmission, differentials and axle gears.

• It is fixed by the design; the gearing you change is the pinion and spur.

Every reduction after the spur, multiplied together: transmission, differentials and axle gears.

• It is fixed by the design; the gearing you change is the pinion and spur.

How many times the motor turns for one turn of the wheels. A higher number is shorter gearing: more acceleration and pulling power, less top speed.

How many times the motor turns for one turn of the wheels. A higher number is shorter gearing: more acceleration and pulling power, less top speed.

How the driven axles are connected.

• The coupling has not been established from a source. It is not inferred from 4WD or from the axle differentials.

The outside diameter of the mounted tire, tread to tread. A taller tire covers more ground each turn, which gears the car taller.

• At high speed tires can balloon and grow, so the real gearing gets taller as the car goes faster.

The outside diameter of the mounted tire, tread to tread. A taller tire covers more ground each turn, which gears the car taller.

• At high speed tires can balloon and grow, so the real gearing gets taller as the car goes faster.

The outside width of the stock tire on the front axle.

• Width and outside diameter are separate measurements; neither is the wheel's bead diameter.

The outside width of the stock tire on the rear axle.

• Width and outside diameter are separate measurements; neither is the wheel's bead diameter.

The hex on the axle that the wheel locks onto and is driven by. A wheel must match the hex size to fit.

• 12 mm is the common size on 1/10 cars, so most 1/10 wheels fit; offset and width still vary.
• The wheel nut is a separate size, so check its thread too before buying nuts.

Distance at the front axle per motor turn through its recorded gear path.

• This follows the listed gear reduction and tire diameter; it does not account for tire slip or deflection.
• The selected axle has missing tire or gearing inputs.

Distance at the rear axle per motor turn through its recorded gear path.

• This follows the listed gear reduction and tire diameter; it does not account for tire slip or deflection.
• The selected axle has missing tire or gearing inputs.

What the main chassis is made of and how it is built, as stated for this car. Braces, stiffeners and skid plates are not counted.

• Aluminum is stiffer than composite, which keeps the handling consistent; it can bend in a hard crash, and a bent chassis is usually replaced rather than straightened.

What the shocks are and how they are built, as the maker describes them.

• Oil-filled shocks damp with silicone oil; friction shocks, found on some entry-level cars, damp with a sprung plunger and cannot be tuned with oil.

RPM per volt with no load on the motor. Higher KV spins faster on the same pack; lower KV on more cells can reach the same RPM with less current.

• Under load the real RPM is lower.

The highest LiPo cell count the maker rates the electronics for.

• The maker does not publish it.

The motor fitted at the factory, as the maker names it.

The electronic speed control. It feeds power from the battery to the motor as you work the throttle, and usually powers the receiver and servo too.

• An amp figure in its name is normally the maker's continuous rating.
• Set its low-voltage cutoff for LiPo, so a pack is not run flat.

The size of the stock motor's can, as the maker names it.

The current the stock speed control is rated to carry, as the maker states it.

• The continuous figure is what it can carry all run; the burst figure only for moments, such as a launch.
• A motor or pack that pulls more than this risks the ESC.

The stock servo that steers the car.

A transmitter comes in the box, already bound to the car's receiver.

A drive battery comes in the box.

A charger comes in the box.

The top speed the maker claims.

• Makers often quote it with optional gearing, a bigger battery or a fully charged pack, so read their wording before comparing it with another car's claim or with the calculated figure.

The vehicle's weight as the maker states it.

• The maker does not say whether it includes a battery.
• More weight takes more power to accelerate and lands harder on the parts; it changes top speed very little.

Overall length as the maker states it, usually with the body fitted.

• Useful for comparing real size, since scale labels are loose.

Overall width as the maker states it, usually with the body fitted.

• A wider car is more stable in corners and harder to roll over.

Overall height as the maker states it, usually with the body fitted.

• Useful when checking it fits a shelf, a bag or a car trunk.

The distance between the front and rear axle centers. A longer wheelbase is steadier at speed and over bumps; a shorter one turns more tightly.